Potassium Phosphate Monobasic, Anhydrous

POTASSIUM PHOSPHATE MONOBASIC

Potassium phosphate monobasic an inorganic compound containing two important components (phosphate and potassium) that plays a significant role in providing nutrients to plants for developmental and growth purposes [1].

1. Introduction
   • Potassium phosphate monobasic is a water-soluble salt of dihydrogen phosphate ion and potassium. It is a highly efficient and rapidly dissolving fertilizer.
   • Potassium phosphate monobasic is available in the form of poly bottles of 5g, 50g, 100g, and 500g. It is also obtainable in the bulk quantities of 1kg and 5kg [7].
   • Potassium phosphate monobasic is also available in the market under different labels like Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Mono-potassium monophosphate, Potassium acid phosphate, Sorensen’s potassium phosphate, Potassium phosphate, monobasic, 99%, for analysis, UNII-4J9FJ0HL51, and Chlorine Titrimeter Reagent [8].
2. Structure
   • The formula of mono potassium phosphate is KH₂PO₄. The structure of potassium phosphate monobasic is shown below [1].
     Figure 1: Structure of potassium phosphate monobasic.
     
3. Procedure
   Monopotassium phosphate is produced by using different methods that are discussed below [10] [11].
   • In the laboratory, one process is to react phosphoric acid (a weak acid) with potassium carbonate (inorganic white salt; highly soluble in water). This reaction leads to the production of potassium phosphate monobasic.

   Potassium carbonate + Phosphoric acid ➔ Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

   • Potassium phosphate monobasic is also produced by using the same process of reacting phosphoric acid (weak acid) and potassium hydroxide (commonly known as caustic potash) that is used for other salts.

   Phosphoric acid   +   Potassium hydroxide  ➔ Potassium Phosphate Monobasic

   • This highly soluble inorganic compound is also produced by using cheaper raw materials like potassium chloride in place of potassium hydroxide.

   Phosphoric acid + Potassium chloride ➔ Mono-potassium phosphate + HCL              

   H₃PO₄          +           KCl             ➔     KH₂PO₄      +         HCl

   • It is important to remove Hydrochloric acid (HCl) produced during this reaction. For removing hydrochloric acid, different methods are used. Ion exchangers are used to remove excess hydrochloric acid. Distillation with long-chained tertiary amines and distillation with octanes also result in the removal of Hydrochloric acid produced during the reaction.
4. Specifications
   The specifications of potassium phosphate monobasic are given below [1][2][3].

   Properties	Potassium phosphate monobasic
   Physical state	Solid
   Appearance	Exist in both powdery and liquid forms
   Color	Colorless or in form of white granules
   Odor	Odorless
   Nature	Hygroscopic in nature
   Molecular weight	136.09
   Molecular formula	KH2PO4
   Melting Point	253 °C
   Density	2.34 g/cm3
   Boiling Point	>450 °C
   Specific gravity	2.338
   pH	4.2 – 4.6 at 20 degrees Celsius
   Flammability	Not flammable
   Solubility	Soluble in water Insoluble in ethanol
   Solubility in water	222 g/L at 20 degrees Celsius
   Reactivity	React violently with acid or bases
   Storage temperature	Ranges from 5 to 30 degrees Celsius
   CAS Number	7778-77-0
   EC Number	231-913-4
   InChI	1S/K.H3O4P/c;1-5(2,3)4/h;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q+1;/p-1
   InChI Key	GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
   SMILES	OP(=O)(O)[O-].[K+]

5. Applications
   The practical applications of potassium phosphate monobasic are described below in specific detail [7][9].
   • Isolation of Protein:
     Potassium Phosphate Monobasic is typically used in the cultural isolation of specific protein from bacterial cells.
   • PZM-3 Medium’s Preparation:
     Potassium Phosphate Monobasic is properly used in the adequate preparation of the defined medium for porcine embryos that correctly is PZM-3 medium.
   • Preparation of Phosphate Buffer Saline:
     It is additionally utilized in the necessary preparation of phosphate buffer saline because it is rich in the ultimate source of phosphorous.
   • Production of potassium metaphosphate:
     Potassium phosphate (monobasic) is knowingly used in the economic production of potassium metaphosphate.
   • Nutritional Supplements:
     It also plays an important role in food as a nutritional supplement.
   • Determination of pH:
     It is additionally utilized in the determination of pH.
   • Pharmaceutical Industry:
     Potassium phosphate (monobasic) plays a significant role in pharmaceutical industries because potassium is an important enzyme activator and maintains the acid-base balance of the cell.
6. Hazards and Safety
   The hazards and safety measures of potassium phosphate monobasic are explained below [4][5][6].
   • Health Effects:
     Following are the health effects that are caused by potassium phosphate monobasic that are described below.
     • Eyes Exposure to potassium phosphate monobasic:
       If eyes are exposed inadvertently to the powdered form or to the splashes of stock solution, it can be harmful to the eyes and cause itching, irritation, and redness. It can also cause temporary damage to the eyes.
       First Aid Measure: Carefully wash the eyes with excess water for 10 to 15 minutes by lifting eyelids. In case of severe irritation and pain, consult medical advice immediately.
     • Accidentally Ingestion of potassium phosphate monobasic:
       Potassium phosphate monobasic on ingestion can cause disturbance in the digestive system and may be harmful.
       First Aid Measure: Induce vomiting. Offer cold milk or water to drink to the unfortunate victim. Instantly assist the victim to the hospital so that he can be handled accordingly.
     • Inhalation of potassium phosphate monobasic:
       On inhalation, it can cause respiratory tract infections which can lead to severe irritation or itching problems in the upper respiratory tract.
       First Aid Measure: Carefully move the victim to a spacious place where fresh air is available. Give artificial breathing, if the victim is not breathing. Instantly assist the victim to the hospital so that he can be treated accordingly.
   • Safety measures:
     • Typically use synthetic material or rubber for cautiously making protective clothes.
     • Properly use sterile gloves for the adequate protection of hands.
     • Use safety goggles for the effective protection of the eyes.
     • Use proper masks to carefully avoid fumes and dust of potassium phosphate monobasic from promptly entering into the respiratory tract.
     • Wisely keep the standard and sterile container tightly close to limit contamination.
7. References

1. Chemical Book – Potassium Phosphate Monobasic
2. PubChem NIH – Potassium Phosphate Monobasic 3 Chemical and Physical Properties
3. Sigma-Aldrich – Potassium Phosphate Monobasic
4. ScholAR Chemistry – Potassium Phosphate Monobasic Material SDS
5. Geno Technology G-Biosciences – Potassium Phosphate Monobasic SDS
6. Fisher Scientific – Potassium phosphate monobasic Safety Data Sheet
7. Sigma-Aldrich – KH2PO4 – Potassium phosphate monobasic
8. PubChem NIH – Potassium phosphate monobasic 2.4.2 Depositor-Supplied Synonyms