DMEM

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DMEM

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium / Ham’s Nutrient Mixture F12
(DMEM/F-12)

1. Introduction:

A basal-defined medium that properly promotes sustainable development and phenomenal growth in numerous mammalian cells and is used widely in the specific cell culturing processes [1].

  • DMEM/F-12 is typically composed of four times more necessary vitamins and amino acids as compared to the original DMEM.
  • Considerable variety of specialized cells indicate phenomenal growth and successful development in DMEM/F-12 like glial cells, neurons, fibroblast cells, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells of humans [2].
  • DMEM/F-12 is available in different varieties typically based on the possible presence or notable absence of certain substances shown in the table [3].
    HEPESPHENOL REDL-GLUTAMINE
    • Without HEPES• Without Phenol Red• Stable Glutamine
    • With HEPES• With Phenol Red• Without Glutamine
    • With L-Glutamine
  • It is obtainable in various standard sizes of poly bottles packaging of 500 mL, 1 Liter, 5 Liters, 10 Liters, and 50 Liters. It is equally attainable in bulk quantities on economic demand [4].
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2. Procedure:

The standard procedure for the successful production of DMEM/F-12 is described below [9] [10].

  • DMEM/F-12 is adequately prepared by properly using tissue culture grade water, powdered base medium, and sterile filter.
  • The powdered base medium DMEM/F-12 (with HEPES & w/o sodium bicarbonate) consists precisely of the following constituents that are given below [8].
    ComponentsConcentration (mg/L)
    D-Glucose3151
    Thymidine0.36
    HEPES3574
    Sodium Pyruvate55
    Hypoxanthine Na2.39
    Putrescine 2HCl0.081
    Linoleic Acid0.042
    Phenol Red8.1
    Lipoic Acid0.10
    Vitamin:
    Biotin0.003
    Choline chloride8.98
    D-Calcium pantothenate2.24
    Folic Acid2.65
    Niacinamide2.02
    Pyridoxine hydrochloride2.03
    Riboflavin0.22
    Thiamine hydrochloride2.17
    Vitamin B120.68
    i-Inositol12.6
    Inorganic Salts:
    Calcium Chloride116
    Zinc sulfate0.43
    Cupric sulfate0.0013
    Sodium Phosphate monobasic62.5
    Ferric Nitrate0.05
    Sodium Phosphate dibasic71.02
    Ferric sulfate0.41
    Sodium Chloride6995
    Magnesium Chloride28.6
    Potassium Chloride311
    Magnesium Sulfate48.8
    Amino Acids:
    Glycine18.7
    L-Glutamine365
    L-Valine52.8
    L-Threonine53.4
    L-Tyrosine disodium salt dihydrate55.7
    L-Serine26.2
    L-Tryptophan9
    L-Proline17.2
    L-Alanine4.4
    L-Arginine hydrochloride147.5
    L-Methionine17.24
    L-Aspartic acid6.6
    L-Asparagine-H2O7.5
    L-Glutamic Acid7.3
    L-Cysteine hydrochloride-H2O17.5
    L-Cystine 2HCl31.2
    L-Isoleucine54
    L-Histidine hydrochloride-H2O31.4
    L-Leucine59
    L-Phenylalanine35.48
    L-Lysine hydrochloride91.2
  • An adequate amount of water is heated until its temperature ranges from 15 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius.
  • Instantly add the base medium powder to the heated water and stir it gently until the odorless powder gets dissolved in the water completely.
  • Then after adjusting the solution’s pH, filter it by using a membrane with a porosity of 0.22 micron.
  • Aseptically dispense the medium into the sterile container and store it in an arid place.
  • It is significant to protect the prepared solution from humidity.

3. Specifications:

The specifications of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium / Ham’s Nutrient Mixture F12 (DMEM/F-12) are described below [2][5].

PROPERTIES DMEM/F-12
Physical state Solid
Liquid
Color Off-white (powder)
Reddish orange (Liquid)
Odor Odorless
Appearance Powdery (solid)
Aqueous fluid (liquid)
Glutamine L-Glutamine
Indicator Phenol Red
Buffer HEPES
pH (Powder)
  • Without sodium bicarbonate: 5.5 – 6.1
  • With sodium bicarbonate: 6.5 – 7.1
Boiling point ~ 100°C
Freezing point ~ 0°C
Solubility Soluble in water
Solubility in water 15.60 g/l (form clear solution)
Shelf life 36 months
Purification 0.2 μm filtered
Stability Chemically stable
Osmolality 279 mOsm/kg
Endotoxin Less than 1 EU/ml
Green Features Sustainable packaging
Storage 2°C to 8°C (in powder form)
Shipping condition Ambient

4. Applications:

The practical applications of DMEM/F-12 are described below [1] [10] [11].

  • Buffering Capacity:
    Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium / Ham’s Nutrient Mixture F12 (DMEM/F-12) undoubtedly enhances the buffering capacity of the preferred medium.
  • pH Shift:
    The presence of HEPES in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium / Ham’s Nutrient Mixture F12 (DMEM/F-12) appreciably reduces the possible chances of sudden pH shifts in the preferred medium.
  • Phenomenal Growth of Mammalian Cells:
    The nutrients present in DMEM/F-12 support and positively enhance the potential growth of a considerable variety of mammalian cells.
  • Cultivation of Primary Cells:
    It is equally utilized in the cultivation and development of primary cells in the laboratory like neurons, fibroblast cells, and smooth muscle cells.
  • Environmental Benefits:
    The environmental benefits of DMEM/F-12 medium is that it contains renewable materials that can be recycled again.

5. Hazards and Safety Measures:

The potential hazards and safety measures are described below [5][6][7].

  • Eye Contact:
    DMEM/F-12 is a potential eye irritant. It can cause serious eye damage, considerable irritation, and there is also a possibility of infection. It can typically cause temporary injury to the eyes on long-time exposure.
    First Aid Measure:
    In specific cases of contact with eyes, immediately wash the eyes with plenty of freshwater. Remove the contact lenses. Hold the eyelids open and cleanse the face of the victim repeatedly for 15 minutes. In case of severe irritation or redness, consult medical advice as soon as possible.
  • Skin Contact:
    Graciously according to hazard statements, it can also absorb through the skin. DMEM/F-12 causes evident skin irritation, and mild rashes.
    First Aid Measure:
    In case of physical contact of the powder with the intact skin of specific body parts, immediately wash the skin or specific body part with plenty of water. Carefully remove the contaminated clothes immediately and properly wash them. They can be reused. You can employ neutral soaps to progressively reduce the irritation caused by DMEM/F-12. In case of severe infection, immediately consult medical advice.
  • Respiratory Tract Infections:
    According to the hazard statement, if accidentally inspired it may be harmful and cause difficulty in breathing or irritation in respiratory membranes. Do not breathe dust, mist, or noxious vapors.
    First Aid Measure:
    In case of inhalation, remove the person to fresh air and seek medical advice timely.
  • Ingestion:
    According to the hazard statement, if mistakenly ingested it can cause nausea, and headache.
    First Aid Measure:
    If it is consumed mistakenly, immediately arrange some water for the victim. In such situations avoid drinking water more than two glasses. Immediately consult the physician.
  • Ventilated Places: It is necessary to use well-ventilated places for the experimentation procedures.
  • Protection: Use safety goggles, sterile gloves, and protective clothes like a lab coat that are approved under scientific standards. Properly use practical things that efficiently are chemical resistant for possible protection. DMEM/F-12 should be handled by experienced individuals.

6. References:

  1. https://www.fishersci.co.uk/shop/products/gibco-dmem-f-12-14/11554546
  2. https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/12400024?SID=srch-hj-12400024
  3. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/PK/en/technical-documents/technical-article/cell-culture-and-cell-culture-analysis/mammalian-cell-culture/dme-f12
  4. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/PK/en/search/dmem-f-12-hepes-powder?focus=products&page=1&perPage=30&sort=relevance&term=DMEM%2FF-12%20HEPES%20powder&type=product
  5. https://www.bioind.com/media/documentation/msds/11-170_2_.pdf
  6. https://www.thermofisher.com/document-connect/document-connect.html?url=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.thermofisher.com%2FTFS-Assets%2FLSG%2FSDS%2F12400024_MTR-APLT_BE.pdf
  7. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/PK/en/sds/mm/slm-243-b
  8. https://www.thermofisher.com/pk/en/home/technical-resources/media-formulation.59.html
  9. https://www.rndsystems.com/products/dmem-f-12-15-mm-hepes-glutamineplus_m23950
  10. https://www.biowest.net/media/p0095t__083473700_0957_24092014.pdf
  11. https://www.capricorn-scientific.com/en/shop/dmem-f-12-without-l-glutamine-with-15-mm-hepes~p1125

DMEM/F-12, or Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle's Medium, is a 1:1 mix of DMEM and Hams F-12, which has high glucose content and a wide variety of components. This media does not contain proteins or lipids and has a physiological pH of between 5.5 and 10. This DMEM and Hams F-12 medium is kept in stock at Caisson Labs as a standard product for distribution.

DMEM/F12 Medium as a 1:1 mixture of DMEM combined with Hams F-12, makes the combination totally suitable for the culture of many mammalian cells. It contains high concentrations of glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and a variety of other components that promote growth. It is easy to adjust the nutrients to your own preference, making it a versatile culture medium.

DMEM/F12 is a popular cell culture medium that supports many mammalian cells. It contains a wide range of amino acids and vitamins, and is an excellent choice for research on human and animal cancer cells. To find the right cell culture medium for your research, you can use a number of different artificial intelligence to search scholarly journals for DMEM cell culture medium combinations.

DMEM/F12 with it is formulated in a 1:1 mixture of DMEM along with the Hams F-12 medium make the composition of DMEM/F12 an ideal choice for cell culture applications and research, and is enriched with all the necessary nutrients. As we said previously the combination of the DMEM combined with the F12 can support a variety of mammalian cells and has a high glucose content. DMEM/F12 can be supplemented with human platelet lysate.

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle's Medium/Hams Nutrient Mixture F12 which is commonly known as DMEM/F12 is an excellent cell culture medium. Its high glucose content and a wide range of components are essential for cell culture. DMEM/F12 is also suitable for MDCK (Madin-Darby canine kidney) cells. Its wide range of application makes it ideal for many mammalian cell types.

A 3:1 mix of DMEM and Hams F-12 is an optimal nutrient mix for mammalian cell culture. Because the DMEM/F12 has such a high glucose content is makes DMEM/F12 an ideal choice for culture of most mammalian cells, however, DMEM/F12 has a limited number of papers written about the application of the product in many application. Also, some of these papers have not been reviewed yet by this researcher in his investigations of scholarly papers.

But in conclusion, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle's Medium/Hams Nutrient Mixture F12 is the preferred standard to be utilized as the ideal mammalian cell culture medium. Its high glucose concentration and Hams F12 provides the necessary nutrients to support a wide variety of applications involving mammalian cells and makes it the best choice for research in this area. In addition, DMEM/F12 can be supplemented with human platelet lysate and a number of other components that are necessary for the growth of some mammalian cell types, again making this combination of DMEM/F12 the best choice for your mammalian cell research and product development.

Caisson Labs’ Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium/Hams Nutrient Mixture F12 is the preferred 1:1 mixture of DMEM and Hams F-12 also makes our DMEM/F12 medium ideal for your applications for your mammalian cell culture applications because it contains all the essential amino acids, vitamins, and other nutrients for a wide variety of mammalian cell types and making its enriched glucose content the perfect choice for a wide range of mammalian cells.

DMEM-F12 formulated in a 50:50 combination of Ham's F12 and DMEM is particularly useful for serum-free clonal growth of CHO, lung, and mouse L cells. A 50:50 mixture of Caisson Labs’ DMEM and Ham's F12 media is the most widely used for animal and human cell culture. It has many benefits over other similar products.

If you are looking for a suitable media for your mammalian cell culture, Caisson Labs’ Dulbecco's Modified-Eagles and Hams Modified Eagles Medium/Ham's Nutrient Mixture F12 at Caisson Labs is a great place to start. Also, if you require a specialized mixture of DMEM, Caisson Labs will formulate your exact requirements to your exact specifications.

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM)

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